Answer (1 of 13): Your question title is asking about compilers, yet you were actually interested in IDE (Integrated Development Environment). I will just assume you actually meant IDE. If you are on Mac, Xcode is generally not a bad choice as it is able to handle a.
This free app hides your IP address and protects you in wi-fi hotspots. Mint - Mint is widely heralded as the best free money manager on the Web. It's available for Macs and iPhones and offers. Good for: The intense lectures and the sleepy students. Cost: £4.99 Platforms: iOS (iPad only) If Evernote is a table knife (tried, trusted, and good for almost any occasion), then Soundnote is definitely a steak knife. When you're in a dense lecture, or just struggling to concentrate, this is the app you'll want to turn to – it's. The best organization apps for students. And you can always experiment with the free version first to see if you like the UI and general workflow. If you're working on a Mac, consider an. A number of apps for students have been developed promoting personal safety, for use both on- and off-campus. These student apps help to keep users safe if out alone at night. The Circle of Six app works on both Android and iOS, and was designed for university students to keep connected with close friends. The app is particularly useful for.
Learning all the material for medical school is a bit like trying to drink from a fire hose. There’s a raging torrent of information, and somehow you need to get it all into your head ... while dissecting cadavers, mastering organic chemistry, making it to the lab on time in a reasonable mental state, and then somehow finding time to do the laundry, put food in your mouth, and maintain basic hygiene standards.
It’s tough—and it should be. In med school, you’re learning how to prevent, diagnose, and treat illness in high-stakes situations. Once you’re in practice, the stakes are sometimes life or death.
Even if you were one of those people who could cram to pass exams in high school, trying to do that for medical school won’t even touch sides. To stay afloat, you need to study daily, and one of the best and most efficient ways to do this is to take advantage of all that “in-between” time in your day.
Just think about it: if you used the time waiting for the bus (10 minutes), commuting (40 minutes), between lectures (15 minutes), and waiting for your partner to get ready (84 years), you’d find that by the end of the day, you’ve got a good chunk of your studying done.
What’s the best way to engage in quality studying on the move? Mobile apps.
That’s why we’ve curated a list of the top apps for med students. Being apps, they’re infinitely easier to carry around than a stack of textbooks. And the best ones (like Brainscape's adaptive flashcard app) will also hone your ability to absorb information, making your studying more streamlined and efficient.
Let’s take a closer look at our selection of the top apps for medical students.
The best apps for studying for medical school
The apps below not only have extensive medical school content, they also help you study up to twice as efficiently.
App 1: Brainscape
Brainscape is a flashcard-based web and mobile app for serious learners who need to onboard large amounts of information and do it fast.
Its major differentiators from other flashcard apps are (i) its superior spaced repetition algorithm (so you revisit new information at just the right interval for optimal learning), (ii) its detailed learning analytics, (iii) its tools to help you estimate how much study time you have left for a particular goal, (iv) its flexible content formats (much more than just 'vocab words'), and (v) its broad range of quality flashcard content.
You can study Brainscape's 'certified' flashcards for USMLE prep, MCAT prep and NCLEX prep, and you can also study medical & nursing flashcards created by other students and educators, for hundreds of popular subject areas. Being a flashcard app, you can also make your own online flashcards on Brainscape's website, and sync them to the Brainscape mobile app.
Brainscape is free for most features, and complete content access can be unlocked for a modest subscription fee that is a fraction of most other medical content repositories.
App 2: Anki
Anki is a popular adaptive flashcard app used by many med students. While its design might not be quite as slick as Brainscape and Quizlet, its software is 'open source', meaning it is developed by the public community and not controlled by an evil corporation. It is also free to use online at the time of this writing (though its mobile app costs $25).
Because Anki does not have official partnerships with publishers or content experts, you might not know if you can 'trust' the flashcards you find in its marketplace. Just make sure you know the creator of the flashcards well so you can gauge if they are accurate, up-to-date, or comprehensive for the goal you are studying for. It may take some trial-and-error to find the flashcards that are right for you.
Study Apps Free
App 3: Quizlet
Quizlet is also a very popular flashcard app with pre-created card decks on topics like medical terminology, conditions, and abbreviations. There’s a huge range of user-created flashcards in Quizlet's marketplace, and you can also create your own.
Most of the content in Quizlet is user-generated and in the form of independent 'study sets', rather than a complete progressive curriculum (like you might find in, say, Brainscape). Because of this, it might take a significant amount of research to compile the best and most accurate user-generated study sets for the goal you are shooting for, and there might be a lot of overlap between the different users' content that you combine together.
But you will at least have fun with it. Because Quizlet content is confined to just vocabulary words, where the data input is in the form of 'term' and 'definition' (or diagram parts to be labeled), this allows Quizlet to turn content into score-able games like multiple-choice, matching, and fill-in-the-blank. The downside of this limitation is that Quizlet does not easily support broader types of content like longer text-based questions answers.
Bottom line: If you are looking to make your medical vocab studying more fun, Quizlet may be the app for you. If you are looking for a more effective study app that will help you learn a broader type of medical content in less time, go with Brainscape.
The best medical apps for learning and practicing medicine
The apps below are created both for medical students and qualified physicians. They’re great as references, networks, and information storehouses. However, they may not be as beneficial a tool as Brainscape for efficiently absorbing the huge amount of information required to pass your USMLE, MCAT, or NCLEX.
App 4: MDCalc Medical Calculator
Being a doctor requires you to know a boatload of formulas, calculations, and equations, which is where MDCalc can make life a whole lot easier. The app contains 500+ clinical decision tools including:
- Risk scores
- Algorithms
- Equations
- Formulas
- Dosing calculators
- And more ...
MDCalc helps you juggle the many different medical formulas you’ll need to make good decisions and recommendations for patient care. Formulas like: the pregnancy wheel, dermatome map, eye chart, and growth velocity. The clinical decision tools are designed to support 35+ medical specialties.
More importantly for study purposes, MDCalc not only gives you the formulas and calculators, the app also contains a summary of why each one important and how/why it’s used, as well as links to reference articles and studies to help support your understanding and decision making.
App Store | Google Play
App 5: Prognosis
As a doctor, you’re often the key decision-maker in the room. And with so much at stake, it’s incredibly important to leverage every diagnostic tool at your disposal so that you can make good clinical decisions.
Prognosis is an app that’s designed to help you become a world-class diagnostician. It contains a catalog of cases, created by 200 physicians across 33 specialties. On the app, you get to read a case, make your diagnosis, and then check it against the peer-reviewed answer. New cases are released every week, based on real-world clinical experiences.
The case information provided includes diagnostic reasoning, test results, and key learning points. Prognosis is a particularly useful app for getting to grips with different disease groups and their treatment.
App Store | Google Play
App 6: DailyRounds
There are over 20,000 pharmaceuticals approved by the FDA for prescriptions. It’s a lot for both doctors and med students to get a handle on. This app has an extensive drug database, where 10K+ brands are represented, as well as 2,000+ molecules.
Like Prognosis, DailyRounds contains peer-reviewed clinical cases from doctors around the world. The cases are presented in a way to help you prepare for examinations like the USMLE, AIPGMEE, and NEET PG. A good proportion of these cases are common clinical scenarios, but the app also branches out into rarer conditions and diseases.
All the major specialties are covered: cardiology, nephrology, pathology, anesthesiology, radiology, pediatrics, and surgery.
App Store | Google Play
App 7: Human Anatomy Atlas
The thigh bone’s connected to the hip bone ... or is it? Anatomy is a complex and beautiful subject, and the Human Anatomy Atlas offers thousands of models to help you understand how the human body works.
This app is used by both medical students and professionals and includes textbook-level terminology, as well as dissection models, microanatomy, and animations. It’s a great study reference, and a lot lighter to haul around with you than an anatomy textbook.
In short: the Human Anatomy Atlas is a great substitute for Game of Thrones if you’re looking to get into the grist and gristle of what lies beneath the human skin!
App Store | Google Play
App 8: Epocrates
A key requirement for passing medical school and practicing safe medicine is understanding drug interactions. There are literally thousands of drugs on the market, so this is not easy ... but that’s where Epocrates comes in.
The free version of Epocrates centers on pharmacology and features a powerful drug interaction checker. You can check for harmful interactions between up to 30 brands, generic, OTC, or alternative drugs at a time.
There’s a mystery pill identifier, with pills organized by shape, color, and imprint code. Then there’s 600+ dosing calculators, medical equations, and other useful tools.
The professional version of Epocrates includes disease information, infectious disease treatment, laboratory panels, and support for alternative medicines.
All in all, this app is a great reference for pharmacology and good prescription practice.
App Store | Google Play
App 9: Medscape
This is one of the most popular medical apps around. Medscape features a tailored news feed, with the latest medical news and expert commentary in various specialties. There’s information on the hot-off-the-press FDA approvals, conference updates, new clinical trial data, and more.
The “consult” section has a huge network of physicians and med students where you can read new case histories and keep up with current medical thought.
Medscape also contains 400+ medical calculators, a drug interaction checker, pill identifier, and step-by-step procedural videos.
App Store | Google Play
The best app for productivity and time management
Being in medical school means having an enormous number of things to do, every day, for several years. So it’s hardly surprising that so many students get overwhelmed and exhausted by the workload. The productivity and time management app below will help you manage your task list in a way that makes it feel doable!
App 10: Todoist
Todoist has been called “the best to-do list right now.” It’s used by 25 million people to organize, plan, and collaborate their daily task list. You can use this app to keep your achievements top-of-mind with a widget that shows your current progress toward daily and weekly goals.
You can quickly create reminders for repetitive tasks, and order your list in terms of importance. Todoist is particularly good at breaking large amorphous tasks into small, bite-sized pieces, which is the key to building momentum and winning each day.
Google Play | App Store
The best apps for improving mindset
High achievement is a mental game, as well as a physical one. Unless you learn how to unwind, let go, and relax, you’ll never be able to summon peak performance from yourself at will. The apps below will help you with the flipside of hard work: making sure you’re able to unplug your brain and get restorative rest.
App 11: Headspace
Get happy. Be less stressed. Sleep soundly. Founded by a former Buddhist monk with a degree in circus arts, Headspace is a vast store of guided meditations and mindfulness exercises.
There are libraries of guided visualizations for:
- Sleep
- Waking up
- Working out
- Focusing
- Relaxing
Many world-class athletes, scholars, and CEOs use meditation and mindfulness skills to perform at their highest level and enjoy the process.
Google Play | App Store
App 12: Calm
Calm is the hugely popular app for sleep, meditation, and relaxation. Sleep is essential (NNL) for clear-headed thought, memory retention, and cognition, especially during times of high stress and study.
This app contains guided meditations, sleep stories read by varied celebrities, breathing programs, stretching exercises, and relaxation soundscapes.
Google Play | App Store
App 13: Forest
We all know phones are addictive, distracting, and a great way to derail your study time. But what to do about it? The Forest app is a similarly addictive (but in a good way) method to help you beat phone addiction and overcome distraction.
The app rewards you for leaving your phone alone, allowing you to stay focused on more important (and mentally taxing) tasks. Like studying organic chemistry.
Forest also tracks your focused moments, building up a reservoir of good habits and willpower that you can use to beat procrastination and get the hard studying for medical school done.
Google Play | App Store
Final thoughts on the best medical school apps
There you have it: 13 medical and self-help apps that will help you survive, or even thrive throughout your years at medical school and as a practicing physician. The world needs good doctors, and to get there, you’re going to need to pass all your med school exams. Your end goal is going to take a good deal of work, but it’s worth it in the end.
Good luck, study hard, and remember: the smarter you study, the more successful you’ll be!
The power and flexibility of iPad gives students the freedom to explore and express new ideas whenever and wherever inspiration strikes. Mac has the power to bring their biggest ideas to life. And built-in apps and intuitive software create an incredibly personal learning experience for each student — one that can be as unique as they are.
Read about the impact schools are reporting with iPad.
iPadThe perfect computer for learning looks nothing like a computer.
iPad is designed for complete freedom of expression and freedom of movement. With amazing apps and advanced built-in technologies, iPad can be anything students want it to be, and has the power to create anything students dream up. Yet it’s so intuitive, they can immediately take an idea and run with it.
For a more powerful and productive iPad. Built on the same foundation as iOS, iPad has become a truly distinct experience. With powerful apps designed for the large Multi-Touch display. A desktop class browsing experience in Safari on iPad, so web apps work exactly as you’re used to. Redesigned Today View widgets show more information on the Home Screen. New Smart Stack lets students build collection widgets that display when they need them. And new enhancements like sidebars and pull-down menus let educators and students access more app functions.
Loaded with advanced technology, but so easy to pick up.
Multi-TouchIt works the way kids think.
From the moment students pick up an iPad, they’re ready to make things happen by tapping, swiping, dragging, and dropping. Right away, they know how to move text, photos, and documents around like experts, whether they’re just learning how to spell or plotting trig functions. Multi-Touch is a profoundly immersive and responsive experience that gets students of all learning styles fully engaged in what they’re doing. And in what you’re teaching.
AccessibilityBuilt to make every student powerful.
Like all our products, iPad is designed with a wide range of features to empower all students. Including Speak Screen, which enhances reading with audio. VoiceOver, for blind or low vision students, describes exactly what’s happening on your device. Guided Access and Safari Reader help students stay focused. And now Magnifier works with Split View so you can magnify an object on one side of your screen and take notes on the other.
- Vision
- Mobility
- Hearing
- Cognitive
The power to do anything. And everything.
PerformanceDoes what you’d expect only a desktop could do.
As soon as you hand out an iPad, you’re putting incredible power in your students’ hands. They can edit a 4K video between classes. Build a 3D model of a steam engine. Or conduct a virtual orchestra to create the soundtrack for a presentation on classical music. And the new iPad with iPadOS 14 brings even more power, versatility, and support for Apple Pencil.
ProductivityWork in more than one app. At once. Edit with the touch of a finger.
Learning doesn’t always happen one app at a time. iPad OS expands the versatility of iPad with new ways to multitask and work with apps in multiple windows. Students can write a book report in Pages while referencing the novel in Books, keeping both apps active in Split View. Or they can research the life cycle of butterflies in Safari while sketching the larval stage in Keynote. Slide Over keeps all the apps they need at the ready. They can use the Dock to pull up favorite and recently used apps and projects, and switch between them on the fly. Drag and Drop lets students easily move content from one app to another. And intuitive gestures make easy work of editing your work — with just your fingers.
SafariWeb apps like you’re used to.
Browsing the internet on iPad is so immersive it’s like holding the web in your hands. Safari can now even translate websites in seven different languages (Beta). And powerful features make Safari on iPadOS a desktop-class browsing experience. Enjoy the desktop version of websites like Google Docs and WordPress on your iPad exactly as you’re used to. And the Download Manager lets you see and manage your downloaded files.
Augmented reality.Teach them about the world. By changing how they see it.
Augmented reality on iPad can transform how students learn about and connect with the world around them. Turn your classroom into the cosmos. Make a history lesson as vivid as the present by restoring ancient artifacts. Or even peer inside everyday objects to understand how they’re put together. iPad is built to move, packed with advanced technologies like accelerometers, powerful cameras, and an operating system designed with AR specifically in mind. All together, it creates an experience that’s simply not possible on other platforms.
Sketch a thought, type out a verse, or capture a scene.
Apple PencilFor free-flowing notes, ideas, or masterpieces.
Though it feels familiar, Apple Pencil opens up an entirely new way to use iPad1. It puts an incredible selection of tools and effects in a single instrument. And with iPadOS, Apple Pencil feels even more like writing on paper. So it’s perfect for taking notes, capturing observations on a field trip, shading detailed illustrations, marking up documents and web pages, and anything else students or teachers need to do. With Scribble, students can write classroom notes that automatically convert to text, scratch out a word to erase it or circle to copy or move it.
Apple Pencil can be a pen, a paintbrush, a pastel stick, and more. And its sophisticated pressure and tilt sensors can achieve all the same subtle effects. Lightning-fast responsiveness creates a smooth and natural experience. So students can do everything from calligraphy to technical drawing, smudging to erasing, watercolor to oil painting — as if they were doing them all on real paper, but with capabilities that go far beyond the real thing. Students can even draw perfectly geometrical shapes with a slight pause at the end of their drawing.
Powerful Apple Pencil capabilities means it’s easy for students to write or draw right in any Pages, Numbers, or Keynote document. Handwritten notes can be selected, copied, and pasted just like typed text. And teachers can instantly add their own notes to those documents, along with PDFs, photos, web pages, and more.
CamerasTake in the world.
In more ways than one.
On a single device, students can capture a moment, an inspiration, or a scene, and immediately start working with it. Whether that’s filming the science fair for the school website, or editing a documentary for a history project. And the FaceTime camera makes it easy to communicate and collaborate with others.
KeyboardsFor those who need to feel every keystroke and command.
The onscreen keyboard is always there for responding to email or taking a quick note. You can also use a physical keyboard1 if you want one. And with iPadOS, there are more ways to use both however you want.
Designed to go wherever ideas lead.
DesignBuilt to move.
And to be handled.
iPad is incredibly thin and weighs just a pound, so it’s light enough to move about the classroom or take on any adventure outside school. And it’s as durable as it is portable, with an aluminum unibody construction to withstand true hands-on learning.
BatteryFrom homeroom straight through to homework.
With up to 10 hours of battery life2, iPad lets kids be productive and creative throughout the school day. So they can go from doing their own field research, to drafting their final project, to handing it in — without having to stop to recharge.
Wi-FiUntethered creativity.
Super-fast 802.11ac Wi-Fi means students can stay connected to their assignments and projects, no matter which classroom they’re in. They can browse websites as soon as teachers share them, stream a video lecture uninterrupted, collaborate on documents, and hand in even the most media-rich projects instantly.
iCloud and FilesPlenty of space for students to think big.
iCloud safely stores all of a student’s documents and projects, keeping them up to date, secure, and accessible from any device. And any teacher or student with a Managed Apple ID gets 200GB of free iCloud storage. It’s fast and easy to work with others in your school, too. Just send a private link and they’ll get instant access to the folders and files you’ve chosen to share.
iPadOS gives you powerful ways to view and work on files. The Files app keeps all your work organized and easy to find in one place, whether its stored in the Cloud, on your iPad, or even a USB drive, so students can grab their files from anywhere. iPadOS lets you take quick actions like markup, rotate files, and compress and uncompress ZIP archives.
The magic of iPad is that you can make it anything you need it to be.
With apps, iPad can be a laboratory, a movie studio, a time machine, even a spaceship. From free Apple-designed apps for doing and creating to the thousands of apps in the App Store designed specifically for learning, no matter the topic or the task at hand, there’s an app to make it even more engaging.
Built-in AppsReady to create.
From the word go.
iPad comes packed with a collection of apps designed by Apple to take full advantage of advanced technologies like the Multi-Touch display, Camera, and accelerometer. iMovie brings the power of moving images to storytelling. GarageBand lets any student be in a band, even if they’ve never played an instrument. And Pages can transform written reports into interactive, digital books complete with photos and illustrations.
Apps for EducationA world of apps for discovery, exploration, and creation.
The App Store has thousands more iPad apps from education software developers. Students can discover how their world is made by touching, stretching, and twisting molecules or make a digital virtual creation and add it to the real world environment with Augmented Reality. Apps and services like Google Docs, Google Drive, Microsoft Office, and Dropbox work great on iPad too.
- AR Makr
- Canvas Student
- GeoGebra 3D Calculator
- IXL
- Lexia Core5 Reading
- Minecraft Education Edition
- Molecules by Theodore Gray
- Plantale
Tools for TeachingApps that help you put the power of technology to work. In and out of
class.
We’ve developed tools to make it easy for you to guide how your students use devices and apps in the classroom, and provide valuable insight into each student’s progress. So you can focus on what’s most important: teaching.
More for TeachersInspiration to help you inspire.
We’ve designed programs to help teachers learn from one another, professional learning resources to build skills and confidence with iPad and Mac, and initiatives to recognize pioneers in education. All to empower you to be the best teacher you can be.
Testing and assessments.
iPad aces those too.
iPad and Mac are approved devices for administering secure exams. Both work with state online exams, including tests from the Smarter Balance Assessment Consortium (SBAC) and ACT Aspire. With assessment mode, apps can automatically lock and configure iPad and Mac for testing, to prevent students from accessing other apps or features. There are also a range of formative learning apps that let you evaluate students’ long-term progress as they move toward statewide testing.
MacPower to make big things happen.
Mac has been empowering the world’s leading engineers, artists, scientists, designers, and musicians for decades. And it’s been doing the same for students too. Now, powered by the Apple M1 chip along with macOS Big Sur, Mac brings higher level performance graphics and processors, silent fanless design, advanced storage and memory, and a breathtaking Retina display designed to give teachers and students the power to create amazing things.
Big on performance. Light in the backpack.
PerformanceDesktop power. Desk optional.
M1 brings incredible performance, custom technologies, and industry-leading power efficiency to the Mac. It features an 8-core CPU for leaps in processor performance, up to an 8-core GPU for stunning graphics performance, and a 16-core Neural Engine for powerful machine learning (ML) performance. And all that power is encased in an incredibly thin and light design, so students and teachers can get work done almost anywhere.
Speed and ResponsivenessWakes instantly.
macOS Big Sur is engineered, down to its core, to take full advantage of all the capability and power of M1. Waking from sleep happens in an instant, launching apps is lightning fast, and the whole system is snappy and smooth, giving students and teachers instant access to their work — no waiting required.
BatteryAll-day battery life.
Mac puts unprecedented performance into an impossibly thin design, yet still provides all-day battery life up to 18 hours — the longest battery life ever2. So teachers and students are free to keep building, designing, developing, or composing, without being tethered to the closest outlet.
Keyboard and TrackpadFor extra precision.
The full-size backlit Magic Keyboard features ambient light sensors for incredibly comfortable and precise typing for writing and coding. Unlike other notebooks, the spacious Force Touch trackpad on a Mac lets you click anywhere. And it knows what you want it to do based on intuitive gestures like pinch-to-zoom and subtle differences in pressure.
Apps to get students started. And apps to take them further.
Every Mac comes with powerful apps for productivity and creativity built right in. And with the power of M1, you can use your favorite iPhone and iPad apps directly on macOS Big Sur — giving you access to the biggest collection of apps ever for Mac. With Rosetta 2, you can run apps that haven’t yet transitioned to universal versions and experience even better performance with graphically demanding apps that students need to be creative, collaborative, and productive.
Professional AppsTurn a passion project into a full‑on production.
Mac gives students more opportunities to grow professional skill sets. Apple-designed apps like Final Cut Pro and Logic Pro are great for video editors and musicians. And qualifying institutions can get them at a special price. For coders, there’s Xcode for building their very own apps. And third-party apps like Microsoft 365, Photoshop, and AutoCAD work beautifully on Mac too.
- Final Cut Pro
- Logic Pro
- Photoshop
- Microsoft 365
- AutoCAD
Built-in AppsReady to craft, calculate, communicate, or illustrate.
Every Mac comes ready to create with Pages, Numbers, Keynote, iMovie, GarageBand, and Photos. Book reports and term papers look stunning. Spreadsheets become canvasses for visualizing data. Students have a creative studio to explore and present any idea. And teachers have everything they need to craft creative assignments and beautiful materials.
- Pages
- Numbers
- Keynote
- iMovie
- Photos
- GarageBand
Thousands more options to explore.
M1 and macOS Big Sur enable access to iPhone and iPad apps making it easier to browse and discover thousands more apps from education software developers, so students and teachers can dive deeper into almost any subject.
Run with ideas across all devices.
Mac does a lot. And when students use it with other Apple devices, it does even more. They can snap a photo on their iPhone or start an idea on an iPad, and pick it up on a Mac to make it even richer. iCloud safely stores all their documents, apps, and projects, keeping them up to date, secure, and accessible from any authorized Apple device.
Apple TVIt makes big ideas huge.
When you connect Apple TV to your HDTV or projector, you introduce a new way of working together with your students. Take them through a lesson while freely moving about the classroom to provide individual support. Or encourage a student to share their work, which they can do instantly from their own iPad or Mac.
More for TeachersGreat teachers never stop learning. And we fully support that.
Apple Teacher
Apple Teacher is a free, self-paced professional learning program. Build skills on iPad and Mac that directly apply to activities with your students, and earn recognition for what you learn.
Teacher Resources
Get tutorials, lesson ideas, and join conversations with fellow teachers about how to use iPad and Mac to inspire creativity and enhance learning.
Best Free Mac Apps For Students To Play
Privacy is built into everything we make.
Best Mac Software 2020
Our business doesn’t rely on invading anyone’s privacy or monetizing their data. And we’re especially protective of the privacy of students using our products. Where they take iPad, the websites they visit, and the apps they use — that’s personal information. And we don’t want it. That’s why our education products, like Apple School Manager, Schoolwork, and Managed Apple IDs, have privacy features and controls built in. We don’t sell student information and we never share it with third parties. And we never track students or build profiles based on their email or web browsing.